1. In late 1997, the chambers inside the pyramid of the Pharaoh Menkaure at Giza were
closed to visitors for cleaning and repair due to moisture exhaled by tourists, which raised
its humidity to such levels so that salt from the stone was crystallizing and fungus was
growing on the walls.

A. due to moisture exhaled by tourists, which raised its humidity to such levels so
that salt from the stone was crystallizing
B. due to moisture that tourists had exhaled, thereby raising its humidity to such
levels that salt from the stone would crystallize
C. because tourists were exhaling moisture, which had raised the humidity within
them to levels such that salt from the stone would crystallize
D. because of moisture that was exhaled by tourists raising the humidity within them
to levels so high as to make the salt from the stone crystallize
E. because moisture exhaled by tourists had raised the humidity within them to such
levels that salt from the stone was crystallizingE

2. Five hundred million different species of living creatures have appeared on Earth, nearly 99 percent of them vanishing.

A. Five hundred million different species of living creatures have appeared on Earth,
nearly 99 percent of them vanishing.
B. Nearly 99 percent of five hundred million different species of living creatures that appeared on Earth have vanished.
C. Vanished are nearly 99 percent of the five hundred million different species of
living creatures that appeared on Earth.
D. Of five hundred million different species of living creatures that have appeared on Earth, nearly 99 percent of them have vanished.
E. Of the five hundred million different species of living creatures that have
appeared on Earth, nearly 99 percent have vanished.B

3. Unlike mainstream American businesses, more than half of which fail, the failure rate for businesses in the Amish community hovers around 5 percent.

A. Unlike mainstream American businesses, more than half of which fail
B. Unlike mainstream American businesses, in which the failure rate is more than
half
C. Unlike mainstream American businesses, where more than half of them fail
D. While the rate of mainstream American businesses failing is more than half
E. While more than half of mainstream American businesses failE

4. For the farmer who takes care to keep them cool, providing them with high-energy feed, and milking them regularly, Holstein cows are producing an average of 2,275 gallons of milk each per year.

A. providing them with high-energy feed, and milking them regularly, Holstein cows
are producing
B. providing them with high-energy feed, and milked regularly, the Holstein cow
produces
C. provided with high-energy feed, and milking them regularly, Holstein cows are
producing
D. provided with high-energy feed, and milked regularly, the Holstein cow produces
E. provided with high-energy feed, and milked regularly, Holstein cows will produceE

Please give explinations for the correct answers...

In the given sentence use of due to is wrong as it is meant as Caused by
but that does not fit the sentence
as the chambers were not closed by the moisture exhaled by tourists.there is a problem with the pronoun its in the original sentence.
so rule out the options A and B

c)because tourists were exhaling moisture, which had raised the humidity within
them to levels such that salt from the stone would crystallize
un clear pronoun reference. and also would is conditional so we cannot use it here.

d)because of moisture that was exhaled by tourists raising the humidity within them
to levels so high as to make the salt from the stone crystallize

as the chambers were already closed so the reason for this should have Had in the sentence and also as to make the salt from the stone crystallize is distorting the meaning of the sentence.

E. because moisture exhaled by tourists had raised the humidity within them to such
levels that salt from the stone was crystallizing
this has got every thing fine the pronoun them and the meaning of the sentence and the had in the reason part of the sentence.

can someone tell why the 4th one is E?

For the farmer who takes care to keep them cool, providing them with high-energy feed, and milking them regularly, Holstein cows are producing an average of 2,275 gallons of milk each per year.

A. providing them with high-energy feed, and milking them regularly, Holstein cows
are producing (shows that the activity is happening)

B. providing them with high-energy feed, and milked regularly, the Holstein cow
produces(not parallel)
C. provided with high-energy feed, and milking them regularly, Holstein cows are
producing (not parallel)
D. provided with high-energy feed, and milked regularly, the Holstein cow produces(shows that the activity is happening)
E. provided with high-energy feed, and milked regularly, Holstein cows will produce(it may happen) that is the meaning of the sentence

4. For the farmer who takes care to keep them cool, providing them with high-energy feed, and milking them regularly, Holstein cows are producing an average of 2,275 gallons of milk each per year.

A. providing them with high-energy feed, and milking them regularly, Holstein cows
are producing
B. providing them with high-energy feed, and milked regularly, the Holstein cow
produces
C. provided with high-energy feed, and milking them regularly, Holstein cows are
producing
D. provided with high-energy feed, and milked regularly, the Holstein cow produces
E. provided with high-energy feed, and milked regularly, Holstein cows will produce

__________________________
A. In relation to "takes care" (not underlined), "are producing" is awkward formation. "produce" would be the correct replacement. Eliminate C for the same reason

B. The "them" pronoun in the first part (not underlined) of the sentence clearly referes to a plural antecedent. So, the antecedent for "them" should be "cows" and not "cow". Eliminate D for the same reason.

Choice E correctly fixes the pronoun reference and eliminates the awkward construction "are producing".

thnx spepakay,

didnt see the pronoun

For 1st IMO : B(in other option use of them is ambiguous)
2. IMO B
3 IMO :E
4 IMO: E

In my opinion the 3rd question is of low quality. The only possible answers are D and E, however both contain such big mistakes. D uses failing and thus distorts the original meaning, puts noun between rate and failing the answer E violates the parallelism. In the first part of the question the subject is american businesses, in the second part the subject is the rate of failure.